The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.